Essential Question

How has science and technology made wars impersonal, especially as it relates to technology?
-Science and Technology has made wars impersonal because you can just push a button and a thousand miles away a city can blow up.
Likewise, what is the human impact of war - both domestically and personally? (Consdier the perspective of a soldier in combat - a civilian in combat - and a civilian at home watching the combat.)
-Say if someone is killed by a soldier and then its is just that person who is affected. You'll never now whether or not that person has loved ones at home or not.
How did your knowledge of the gas laws govern your design elements in reference to the cannon construction? Specifically, how do/did pressure, volume, and temperature play a role in designing the most efficient cannon?
-The temperature affected the cannon because of Gay Lussac's Law.

Chemistry: Materials/Design

Materials:

-2 tennis ball containers with tops

-1 pair of scissors

-12 inch strip of duct tape

-1 protractor



First Design



Second Design

Chemistry:Hypothesis

If the cannon has a small chamber where oxygen is able to reach it for a combustion reaction then the cannon will shoot the nerf ball and depending on the amount of pressure that builds up that will determine the distance the nerf ball travels.

Gay-Lussac's Law--> (P1/T1)=(P2/T2)

Gay-Lussac's Law states that the pressure varies directly with the temperature.-This gas law can affect how or if the cannon fires. This is because if there is a low temperature, then there will not be as much pressure to force the nerf ball to shoot out.

Combined Gas Law--> ((P1)(V1)/(T1))=((P2)(V2)/(T2))

Chemistry:Cannon Firing Blog Question Assignment

1) The design when chose had a 35 degree angle and a small chamber. We cut the tennis ball can to make a shorter chamber because it would give the cannon more pressure. We had a divider in the cannon design but we couldn't get it to stay so we just took it out. If we had had the divider in the pressure would have been greater.



2)We chose the 35 degree angle because it would not take as much force as a 45 degree angle would have (or any other angle that is higher than 35 degrees)



3) Before we shot off the cannon weren't sure whether our cannon would shoot or not. I felt that our cannon was a good design but that it could have been better. I was not sure how the factors outside would affect our cannon. I felt that if it had been in a regularly warm temperature that it would fire. However, since it was cold outside, I doubted whether it would fire. I say a regularly warm temprature in the fact that it is a usually warm climate where I live.

4) During construction, we encountered a few difficulties. We had to be sure that we knew what our end product was going to be because if we messed/ used up our materials we would not get anymore. Also, we had to use the tape sparingly and use more on parts that we would need to be airtight.

5) 0 feet

6) (calculations shown under math post) Vo= 0

-the intial velocity was zero!

Chemistry:Analysis

Even though our cannon didn't fire, I feel that it was a good design. I realize it could have been better and will plan it out further the next time we build a cannon. The next time, I would change the design to create two chambers in the cannon. This will create more pressure and a better combustion reaction.

-Mary Zielonka

English:Writing before Reading

What are some examples of times when people must obey an authority figure, even though they may not want to?
There are plenty of times when someone must obey an authority figure even though they may not want to. One example is in the air force the flying officers follows the flight lieutenant who follows the squadron leader. Then the squadron leader follows the wing commander who then follows the group captain. The group captain follows the air commodore who then follows the air marshal who follows the marshal of the air force. Another example is children following their parents/ elders.
Must military commanders enforce harsh discipline on their soldiers?
Is it important for a military outfit to work as a team?
Yes, because if they don't it could up meaning the difference between life and death.
What are the consequences if a commander is unable to keep his or her troops under control during wartime?
death, injury, loss

English:Analysis of Poem

The Charge of the Light Brigade
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
1.
Half a league, half a league, Half a league onward,All in the valley of Death Rode the six hundred."Forward, the Light Brigade!"Charge for the guns!" he said:Into the valley of Death Rode the six hundred.
2.
"Forward, the Light Brigade!"Was there a man dismay'd?Not tho' the soldier knew Someone had blunder'd:Theirs not to make reply,Theirs not to reason why,Theirs but to do and die:Into the valley of Death Rode the six hundred.
3.
Cannon to right of them,Cannon to left of them,Cannon in front of them Volley'd and thunder'd;Storm'd at with shot and shell,Boldly they rode and well,Into the jaws of Death,Into the mouth of Hell Rode the six hundred.
4.
Flash'd all their sabres bare,Flash'd as they turn'd in air,Sabring the gunners there,Charging an army, while All the world wonder'd:Plunged in the battery-smokeRight thro' the line they broke;Cossack and RussianReel'd from the sabre stroke Shatter'd and sunder'd.Then they rode back, but not Not the six hundred.
5.
Cannon to right of them,Cannon to left of them,Cannon behind them Volley'd and thunder'd;Storm'd at with shot and shell,While horse and hero fell,They that had fought so wellCame thro' the jaws of DeathBack from the mouth of Hell,All that was left of them, Left of six hundred.
6.
When can their glory fade?O the wild charge they made! All the world wondered.Honor the charge they made,Honor the Light Brigade, Noble six hundred.

This poem "documents" Tennyson's strong reaction to the Crimean War fought between Turkey and Russia (1854-56). Under the command of Lord Raglan, British forces entered the war in September 1854 to prevent the Russians from obtaining control of the important sea routes through the Dardanelles. From the beginning, the war was plagued by a series of misunderstandings and tactical blunders, one of which serves as the subject of this poem: on October 25, 1854, as the Russians were seizing guns from British soldiers, Lord Raglan sent desperate orders to his Light Cavalry Brigade to fend off the Russians. Finally, one of his orders was acted upon, and the brigade began charging--but in the wrong direction! "Someone had blundered!" Still the soldier rode on into the "valley of Death".
The 600 soldiers were assaulted by the shots of shells of canons in front and on both sides of them. Still, they rode courageously forward toward their own deaths: "Into the jaws of Death / Into the mouth of hell / Rode the six hundred."The soldiers struck the enemy gunners with their unsheathed swords ("sabres bare") and charged at the enemy army while the rest of the world looked on in wonder. They rode into the artillery smoke and broke through the enemy line, destroying their Cossack and Russian opponents. Then they rode back from the offensive, but they had lost many men so they were "not the six hundred" any more.Canons behind and on both sides of the soldiers now assaulted them with shots and shells. As the brigade rode "back from the mouth of hell," soldiers and horses collapsed; few remained to make the journey back.

ANALYSIS

Through this poem, you can see the costs of war. Even if the soldiers obey their elders that cannot stop them from dying. The poem is really sad because it makes you stop and think about how war affects people that we don't even realize it does.

English: Overture of 1812

OVERTURE OF 1812

This piece of music symbolizes war: the chaos, victory, and defeat. The cannons in the music emphasize the rest of the music that is being played at the time. They give off a little kind of shock.

History:1700s Artillery

Successful: yes
Location: a variety of places, from Europe to somewhere else

In the 1700s, some cannons were used to fire upon enemies and other were used to protect an army's deployment. Trebuchets were commonly used in the Middle Ages. This trebuchets fired a wide variety of projectiles. Some of them would weigh up to 300 pounds! Most of these projectiles were stones/boulders that were used during seiges and battles.

Trebuchets may vary in design but they still are set into launching formation and launch whatever weight is in their sling.

Wood and stone were the main items that trebuchets were amde out of. This is becuase that is what was most accessible in the Middle Ages.

History:1800s Artillery

The above cannon design is the Athens double barreled cannon. it is on display now in Athen, Georgia. This cannon was intended to fire two cannonballs connected by a heavy chain.

This cannon was designed by John Gilleland and constructed at the Athens Steam Company. It cost about 350 dollars to make. It was designed to shoot, as previously mentioned, two six-pound cannonballs connected by a chain. the entire cannon weighed about 1300-1400 pounds.

History:1900s Artillery

Cannons built during the 1900s and on have had a dramatic change in the design and successfulness. The first major change is that guns are used nowadays. The material that is used today is steel and metal.

Math: Optimal Angle

Math:Launch Formula Work

R= ((Vo^2)(sin2)(theta)/(g))

step 1--> 0=((Vo^2)(sin2)(35)/32.2))

step 2--> CROSS MULTIPLY & SIMPLIFY--> ((0=Vo^2)(sin)(70))

step 3--> DIVIDE BY (sin)(70) --> ((0/((sin2)(35))=((Vo^2)/((sin)(70))

step 4--> SIMPLIFY--> 0=Vo^2

step 5--> SQUARE ROOT IT--> 0=Vo

The intial velocity is zero.